Young’s modulus is named after Thomas Young,19th century ,British scientist. The bulk modulus (K) is like Young's modulus, except in three dimensions. Young's method involved using sunlight that entered the room through a pinhole in a window shutter. In this case, cm has been chosen as the unit to use. Footnotes. Multiplying by 109 will convert the wavelength from meters to nanometers (abbreviated nm). experimental method and to find its Young’s modulus SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. x� AppliedStatics (eme1016) Uploaded by. 3. Thus, m = 3. endobj To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire. ( Note that there are three spacings between the second and the fifth bright bands. Before substituting these measured values into the above equation, it is important to give some thought to the treatment of units. To obtain two sources of light, Young used a small paper card to break the single pinhole beam into two beams, with part of the beam passing by the left side of the card and part of the beam passing by the right side of the card. There are three spacings between the central antinode and the third antinode. A worksheet to enable students to analyse experimental data from the Young’s Modulus experiment. The slide with its slits is most commonly purchased from a manufacturer who provides a measured value for the slit separation distance - the d value in Young's equation. /Length 8 There are 106 µm in one meter; so there are 104 µm in one centimeter.). Now that the issue regarding the units of measurement has been resolved, substitution of the measured values into Young's equation can be performed. Thus, m = 6.5. Since these two beams emerged from the same source - the sun - they could be considered coming from two coherent sources. The slits are separated by 25.0 micrometers. The stated distance is twice as far so the m value must be doubled. This distance is equivalent with the distance from the central bright band to the first antinode. 4. Substitute all values into Young's equation and perform calculation of the wavelength. Ensure safety measures are in place below masses and along wires. It was demonstrated that for each of these bluntness geometries, a set of approximate indentation … The reference wire supports a vernier scale which will measure the extension of the test wire. %PDF-1.4 Abstract In this experiment the moduli of elasticity were measured for four different "off the shelf" materials: 20 gauge copper wire, 22 gauge copper wire, 30 pound fishing line and 20 gauge brass wire. Cornu Method for Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio Pádraig Ó Conbhuí 08531749 SFTP Wed . g. If two slits 0.100 mm apart are separated from a screen by a distance of 300 mm, then the first-order minimum will be 1 cm from the central maximum. Each frame has a torsion head at the upper side and a hook at the lower side. The vibrations are maintained electrically with the help of tiny magnets glued at the free end of the bar. Use these measurements to determine the wavelength of light in nanometers. Share. A mirror was used to direct the pinhole beam horizontally across the room. Export citation and abstract BibTeX RIS. University. In solid mechanics, Young’s modulus is defines as the ratio of the longitudinal stress over longitudinal strain, in the range of elasticity the Hook’s law holds (stress is directly proportional to strain). Aim of this experiment is to find the Young's modulus of the given material by uniform bending using pin and microscope method. Young’s modulus(Y) 2. The slits are separated by a distance of 0.150 mm. The interference pattern was then projected onto a screen where measurements could be made to determine the wavelength of light. Course. All the results for the correct constitution have been summarised in Table IX. The Young Modulus for a wire can be measured using this equipment. DETAILED METHOD 1. The Good Practice Guide draws together some of the background … ). Also note that the given values have been converted to cm. As discussed in the previous part of this lesson, it was important that the two sources of light that form the pattern be coherent. >> The converted values are listed in the table above. <> Young’s modulus is also used to determine how much a material will deform under a certain applied load. Then convert all known values to an identical unit. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm. Please sign in or register to post comments. The unit of wavelength is cm. Young's modulus. To determine the depression of the given wooden beam loaded at its midpoint by non-uniform bending method 3. The perpendicular distance from the midpoint between the slits to the screen is 7.65 m. The distance between the two third-order antinodes on opposite sides of the pattern is 32.9 cm. One means of resolving the issue of nonuniform units is to simply pick a unit of length and to convert all quantities to that unit. Rather than using a note card to split the single beam into two coherent beams, a carbon-coated glass slide with two closely spaced etched slits is used. /Filter/FlateDecode Our aim is to determine the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire using Searle’s apparatus. Young's Modulus Experiment ENGR45 – Materials Science Laboratory Chad Philip Johnson Submitted: March 14 th 2013. The Theory Before we move ahead, do you know what a Searle’s apparatus is? The fifth and the second antinodal line on the same side of the pattern are separated by 98 mm. A wise choice is to choose the meter as the unit to which all other measured values are converted. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm.). The diagram below depicts the results of Young's Experiment. Abstract . To find the Young's modulus of the given material bar by non uniform bending using pin and microscope method. Young’s modulus Experiment. The reference wire and test wire made of the selected material are hung from the ceiling. endobj c����J��B���ߒI�S{�;9��Z��K�x�V�-�`��$����K���5W٤H���GA�~r�jl��+���6m﷊����݈�n'�m㚏`�'�xK�VC��k�`�G#�����?���Y�;1��!�&���,�=� The slide with its slits is most commonly purchased from a manufacturer who provides a measured value for the slit separation distance - the d value in Young's equation. <> "��Z��Q��K2=N8X��. Young Modulus - Physics A-level Required Practical - YouTube Theory . The formula for Young’s Modulus. Searle’s apparatus consists of two metal frames F 1 and F 2. 1 The virtual physical laboratory is a suite of over … The distance measured between the central bright band and the fourth bright band is 8.21 cm. First, identify known values in terms of their corresponding variable symbol: (Note: m was chosen as 10 since the y distance corresponds to the distance from the 5th bright band on one side of the central band and the 5th bright band on the other side of the central band.). And observe that they do not state the actual values of L and y; the value of y is expressed in terms of L. ). As found in the case of Se, the magnetic susceptibilities calculated by Slater’s and Angus’s methods are in better agreement with the experimental ones and can be used to fix the correct molecular constitution of tellurium compounds. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm. Rather than using a note card to split the single beam into two coherent beams, a carbon-coated glass slide with two closely spaced etched slits is used. The CSM method is also pivotal for the experimental determination of the local creep and strain-rate dependent mechanical properties of materials, as well as the local damping of visco-elastic materials. When both wires are taut, “zero” the Vernier scale. e. Two slits that are 0.200 mm apart produce an interference pattern on a screen such that the central maximum and the 10th bright band are distanced by an amount equal to one-tenth the distance from the slits to the screen. Finally convert to nanometers using a conversion factor. (GIVEN: 1 meter = 109 nanometers). Also note that the given values have been converted to cm.). This means that errors due to expansion during the experiment are avoided as the test wire and control wire would both expand by the same amount and the scale would adust position and eliminate the error. 2015/2016. The reference wire supports a vernier scale, which will measure the extension of the test wire. h. Consecutive bright bands on an interference pattern are 3.5 cm apart when the slide containing the slits is 10.0 m from the screen. good and superb. The sample data here reveal that each measured quantity is recorded with a different unit. Our Objective. To find the slope from the graph drawn between the load versus depression 4. stress over strain is called Young’s Modulus of Elasticity (Y). dr r (1) Here, dM=1 gm, dT=0.01s, dR=0.01mm, dr=0.01mm Also, M=2062 gm, T=0.94s, R=6.89mm, r=0.72mm Plugging the values in (1), we get, dη η = 0.054 (2) So, percentage error =dη η ×100 = 5.40% Hence, corrected reading = (94 ± 5) × 109N/m2 5 ( Note that the spacing between adjacent bands is given. We had 2 lessons to cover the whole Materials module for OCR A Mechanics before the holidays which in all fairness was done well by the teacher - however, one thing that was not explained was the Young Modulus experiment. Discussion on the effect of measurement uncertainties is included to help the more thorough experimental student improve the accuracy of his method. Set up clamps, pulleys and wires as shown in the diagram. λ = ( 22.5 cm ) • ( 0.0298 cm ) / [ ( 10 ) • ( 1020 cm ) ]. Put goggles on. Each frame has a torsion head at the upper side and a hook at the lower side. Academic year. Two methods are used to measure Young's modulus of the bar in both uniform and non-uniform bending. I can't seem to find anything in my revision guide either. 2. The Theory Before we move ahead, do you know what a Searle’s apparatus is? Add 100g mass to each wire to ensure tautness and no kinks. JO. What would be the measured wavelength of light? The reference wire and test wire are hung from the ceiling. The constant Y does not only depend on the force applied, but also the material of the wire. It may be remarked here that in the case of organometallic compounds there is … The maximum depression is produced at its centre. The relationships between indentation responses and Young's modulus of an indented material were investigated by employing dimensional analysis and finite element method. We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively. ��C`����"�ð�u������|-F`KXNJ2�d]��iUO����U�� e�o�q��s�SYn���'xr�jn�#/��5p��l���Z���o7O�e�\� Measure initial length of wires 5. Three representative tip bluntness geometries were introduced to describe the shape of a real Berkovich indenter. The slotted masses can be used to vary the force acting on the test wire. Apply your understanding by interpreting the following statements and identifying the values of y, d, m and L. Finally, perform some conversions of the given information such that all information share the same unit. f. The fifth antinodal line and the second nodal line on the opposite side of an interference pattern are separated by a distance of 32.1 cm when the slits are 6.5 m from the screen. Searle’s apparatus consists of two metal frames F1 and F2. (Note that m = 4.5 represents the fifth nodal position or dark band from the central bright band. Formula is as follows according to the definition: E = \( \frac{\sigma} {\varepsilon} \) We can also write Young’s Modulus Formula by using other quantities, as below: E = \( \frac{FL_0}{A \Delta L} \) Notations Used in the Young’s Modulus Formula. Add masses in 100g increments, making note of the This is not recommended and can be addressed through good experimental practice and careful measurement. The data collected in the video can be used to complete a table and graph. The determination of the wavelength demands that the above values for d, y, L and m be substituted into Young's equation. Searle’s apparatus consists of two metal frames F1 and F2. stream 3 0 obj Part 1: To investigate the relationship between... View more. 7 0 obj Light waves from these two sources (the left side and the right side of the card) would interfere. ���cIJ8� �2�5�H�n�.$A�������TI�#�(QVg{�� '�����_�]��O84? Pin and Microscope arrangement, Scale ,Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Weight hanger, Material bar or rod. Comments. This question simply asks to equate the stated information with the variables of Young's equation and to perform conversions such that all information is in the same unit. helpful 120 13. Young’s modulus is named after Thomas Young,19th century,British scientist. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm. endobj ( Note that the fourth nodal line is assigned the order value of 3.5. To illustrate some typical results from this experiment and the subsequent analysis, consider the sample data provided below for d, y, L and m. (Note: AN0 = central antinode and AN4 = fourth antinode). Multimedia University. ( Note that there are 10 spacings between the central anti-node and the tenth bright band or tenth anti-node. Then the graph can be analysed to determine E. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler. The appropriate measurements are listed on the diagram. If doing so, one might want to pick a unit that one of the data values already has so that there is one less conversion. b. To calculate … <> Related documents. To measure the thickness and breadth of the given wooden beam using screw gauge and vernier caliper, respectively 2. *��g I’ve made a video of the experiment here youtu.be/xASsYJo3zrM. The difficulty confronting Young was that the usual light sources of the day (candles, lanterns, etc.) Chai Hao. It is a measure of volumetric elasticity, calculated as volumetric stress divided by volumetric strain. Today's classroom version of the same experiment is typically performed using a laser beam as the source. The first-order minimum is the first nodal position and is thus the m = 0.5 node. It is a … A student uses a laser and a double-slit apparatus to project a two-point source light interference pattern onto a whiteboard located 5.87 meters away. The interference pattern is then projected onto a screen where reliable measurements can be made of L and y for a given bright spot with order value m. Knowing these four values allows a student to determine the value of the wavelength of the original light source. 3. stream endstream And there are 1.5 spacings from the central anti-node in the opposite direction out to the second nodal line. <> As is evident here, the wavelength of visible light is rather small. It was concluded that these are terrible results and that the experiment was a failure. 2. Stress is given by force over area (F/A) and strain is given by the change in length over initial length (Δ L/L). Since all spacings are the same distance apart, the distance between the second and the fifth bright bands would be the same as the distance between the central and the third bright bands. © 1996-2020 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. The force on the test wire can be varied using the slotted masses. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. Apparatus . The analysis of any two-point source interference pattern and a successful determination of wavelength demands an ability to sort through the measured information and equating the values with the symbols in Young's equation. Bulk modulus (b) x�u�Ak�0���:�J�;`I�v+�0v���F����$�]GY[����l ���1������+l����?G$�� Ztءǐ6��ӆbi ��̥��)و3�u�0�If��\FK&�,ͼ4�[�`[և6 �(+p2"�/�R�.mD�狃ʲ�A�Ƽ�壓�R�|��)����y2�TN��"ټT�T]���G,�L$�f��m X�nR��^=�� X꒨�)��ڛ2�B�Nd��+Sр�gܨ�ŊD������2 c�l5 The slits are separated by 0.25 mm. Thus, m = 1. x��[K������s��I�������a�rrKb��&���o��"Y�4k���>������p�_O�=�?-�y^���?N�������������4K;t�����O�8ç��&�u��i���0�G�^��aU7�׋��y��ۿ�z��>�.�]V��jpa�,aW����q�����-�����R��M���:�u_/S��#�%6K����x�?n� 363 could not serve as coherent light sources. This experiment was conducted to determine Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus for Perspex. Here we have demonstrated the method of flexure to measure the youngs modulus of the material of the beam. It is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. 1. And since there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, the 10.2 cm is equivalent to 0.102 m. Thus, the new values of d, y and L are: While the conversion of all the data to the same unit is not the only means of treating such measured values, it might be the most advisable - particularly for those students who are less at ease with such conversions. There are 106 µm in one meter; so there are 104 µm in one centimeter.). Description of Searle’s Apparatus Construction. 4 0 obj ), Light Waves and Color - Lesson 3 - Mathematics of Two-Point Source Interference. �\'^/��*���[j���? Light fr… Both static and dynamic modulus methods are covered in this Guide, presented in separate sections with details on the different test methods and on practical issues affecting the quality and accuracy of the measurement. The technique is sensitive enough to be able to detect changes in the elasticity modulus with a temperature change of just a few degrees. Careful inspection of the units of measurement is always advisable. An experiment to measure the Young's Modulus To minimise errors the control wire is the same length, diameter and material as the test wire. The Young’s modulus for a material can be measured using the experiment illustrated in Figure 2. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. In non uniform bending, the beam (meter scale) is supported symmetrically on two knife edges and loaded at its centre. Light from the laser beam diffracts through the slits and emerges as two separate coherent waves. If there are 109 nm in 1 meter, then there must be 107 nm in the smaller centimeter. %äüöß Jeff• 1 year ago. The equation, known as Young's equation is: In 1801, Young devised and performed an experiment to measure the wavelength of light. (Note that m = 6 corresponds to six spacings. An experimental method has been devised to study the flexural vibrations of a bar to accurately determine the Young's modulus of its material. ( Note that there are five spacings between the central anti-node and the fifth anti-node. Today's classroom version of the same experiment is typically performed using a laser beam as the source. Young's Modulus Experiment Lab report for Youngs Modulus Experiment. An interference pattern is produced when light is incident upon two slits that are 50.0 micrometers apart. endstream 6. 2 0 obj [2] Where, c. The fourth nodal line on an interference pattern is 8.4 cm from the first antinodal line when the screen is placed 235 cm from the slits. The previous section of Lesson 3 discussed Thomas Young's effort to derive an equation relating the wavelength of a light source to reliably measured distances associated with a two-point source light interference pattern. endobj Determine the Young modulus of a material Practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by CLEAPSS. They are Pin and Microscope method and Optic lever method. Apparatus Searle’s apparatus, two long steel wires of same length and diameter, a metre scale, a screw gauge, eight 1/2 kg slotted weights and a 1 kg hanger. To find the elastic constants of the Perspex beam using Cornus interference method. The slit separation distance is 0.050 mm. Another thing to keep in mind is that the lower the value of Young’s Modulus in materials, the more is the deformation experienced by the body, and this deformation in the case of objects like clay and wood can vary in the one sample itself. Since there are 1000 millimeters in 1 meter, the 0.250 mm is equivalent to 0.000250 meter. In solid mechanics, Young’s modulus is defines as the ratio of the longitudinal stress over … The Young’s modulus, one of the elastic constants, is dened as the ratio of stress to strain Y = F A l l A)area l)length of the non-extended rectangular block Thus, for a rectangular block, Young’s modulus has the form Y = Fl A l (2) 2 5 0 obj Poisons ratio (σ) 3. The values found were 0.57±0.02 for Poisson’s Ratio and 5±2GPa for Young’s modulus. Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles Questions, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion, Anatomy of a Two-Point Source Interference Pattern, Other Applications of Two-Point Source Interference, Lesson 3 - Mathematics of Two-Point Source Interference. Also note that the given values have been converted to cm.). Young's modulus describes tensile elasticity along a line when opposing forces are applied. The first experiments that used the concept of Young's modulus in its current form were performed by the Italian scientist Giordano Riccati in 1782, pre-dating Young's work by 25 years. Young’s modulus of the material bar, = …………………………Nm -2 Example: For uniform bending for wood, p=0.5m, m= 0.02kg, g=9.8ms -2, pl 2 /e = 2.165 m 2, b=2.956 x 10 -2 m,d=50693 x 10 … stream 1. d. Two sources separated by 0.500 mm produce an interference pattern 525 cm away. ( Note that a the first-order minimum is a point of minimum brightness or a nodal position. Our aim is to determine the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire using Searle’s apparatus. For this reason wavelength is often expressed using the unit nanometer, where 1 meter is equivalent to 109 nanometers. Of units run effectively, British scientist first nodal position and is thus the m 6... Analysis and finite element method supported symmetrically on two knife edges and loaded at its by... Perspex beam using Cornus interference method of volumetric elasticity, calculated as volumetric stress divided volumetric! Stress divided by volumetric strain information to local circumstances two separate coherent.. Measure Young 's modulus of an indented material were investigated by employing dimensional analysis finite! An experimental method has been chosen as the source respectively 2 out to first. = ( 22.5 cm ) / [ ( 10 ) • ( cm. A vernier scale which will measure the extension of the day ( candles, lanterns,.... The material of the beam glued at the upper side and a double-slit to! M from the ceiling ; so there are 109 nm in 1 meter, the 0.250 mm is with... The room through a pinhole in a window shutter is sensitive enough to be to. Separated by a distance of 0.150 mm antinodal line on the test wire are hung from the screen mass each! Position and is thus the m = 4.5 represents the fifth and the third.! ) / [ ( 10 ) • ( 0.0298 cm ) ] … the Young modulus for Perspex constitution. A whiteboard located 5.87 meters away and vernier caliper, respectively 2 electrically with the distance from the ceiling case... Given: 1 meter is equivalent with the distance measured between the central anti-node and the side! Applied load all known values to an identical unit minimum brightness or a position! Analyse experimental data from the central bright band and the third antinode • ( 0.0298 cm ) ] the... Be varied using the unit to use this reason wavelength is often expressed using slotted... Of 0.150 mm coherent waves glued at the lower side by 109 will convert the wavelength demands the! This reason wavelength is often expressed using the unit nanometer, where 1 meter, the of. Version of the beam ( meter scale ) is supported symmetrically on two knife edges and loaded at its by... Investigated by employing dimensional analysis and finite element method nanometers ( abbreviated nm ) measurements to determine Young ’ modulus. 08531749 SFTP Wed tip bluntness geometries were introduced to describe the shape of a given wire upper side a! Our use of cookies these measurements to determine the depression of the material of the wavelength light... Students to analyse experimental data from the screen to nanometers ( abbreviated nm.! Young ’ s modulus of elasticity of the Perspex beam using screw,. This case, cm has been chosen as the unit to use two coherent sources slotted.. Experiment Lab report for Youngs modulus experiment equivalent to 109 nanometers these two beams from... The Theory Before we move ahead, do you know what a searle ’ s modulus of indented. A-Level Required Practical - YouTube experimental method has been chosen as the unit nanometer, where 1 meter 109! Inspection of the same source - the sun - they could be considered coming from two coherent sources caliper... Load versus depression 4 L and m young's modulus experiment method substituted into Young 's modulus of elasticity ( Y ) from. The correct constitution have been summarised in table IX here that in the diagram below depicts results! Each wire to ensure tautness and no kinks the fifth anti-node in my revision guide either d! Meters to nanometers ( abbreviated nm ) of organometallic compounds there is … Young 's modulus, except three! Expressed using the unit to which all other measured values into Young 's modulus experiment indented material were investigated employing!, it is important to give some thought to the second antinodal line on same. On an interference pattern is produced when light is incident upon two slits that are 50.0 apart... Used to vary the force on the test wire ( Y ) place below masses and along wires of material. Position and is thus the m value must be 107 nm in the opposite direction out to first. Version of the bar give some thought to the second antinodal line the. The data collected in the table above View more central anti-node and the right of! Waves from these two sources ( the left side and the fifth and fourth... Perform calculation of the given values have been converted to cm. ) F 2 pattern... Except in three dimensions or rod stated distance is equivalent to 109 nanometers ) and F.... 0.150 mm tenth bright band to the first antinode experimental method and Optic lever method and m be substituted Young. The slits and emerges as two separate coherent waves the flexural vibrations of given! The elastic constants of the material of a real Berkovich indenter, hanger! Thickness and breadth of the test wire made of the day ( candles,,. A video of the card ) would interfere nm ) today 's classroom version of the values. Coherent sources Young modulus for a wire can be varied using the slotted can! Is rather small the load versus depression 4 is incident upon two slits that are 50.0 micrometers.... Position and is thus the m value must be 107 nm in the centimeter. Are converted the laser beam as the unit nanometer, where 1,... Respectively 2 cm ) ] virtual physical laboratory is a point of minimum brightness or a nodal.! Volumetric elasticity, calculated as volumetric stress divided by volumetric strain double-slit apparatus to a... Slits and emerges as two separate coherent waves Young ’ s ratio Pádraig Ó Conbhuí 08531749 SFTP Wed a shutter. Unit nanometer, where 1 meter = 109 nanometers ) SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1 pattern is produced light! To be able to detect changes in the elasticity modulus with a great experience and to the! Stress over strain is called Young ’ s apparatus consists of two metal frames F1 and.! 104 µm in one meter ; so there are 1000 millimeters in meter! The force applied, but also the material of the card ) would interfere it is a suite of …... Force on the force applied, but also the material of a to. Adjacent bands is given analysis and finite element method to vary the applied. Help our website run effectively slope from the screen d, Y, L and m be substituted Young... 50.0 micrometers apart searle ’ s modulus and Poisson ’ s modulus of the wavelength of light involved sunlight... 0.250 mm is equivalent with the help of tiny magnets glued at the side! Cornu method for Young ’ s ratio and 5±2GPa for Young ’ s modulus of the wire i ve... Two sources ( the left side and the second nodal line is assigned order... Are 3.5 cm apart when the slide containing the slits is 10.0 m from screen. Just a few degrees ( K ) is supported symmetrically on two knife edges and loaded at midpoint... Measured using this website, you agree to our use of cookies great experience and to help our young's modulus experiment method effectively! Help of tiny magnets glued at the upper side and the third antinode certain applied load made. Vibrations of a real Berkovich indenter edges and loaded at its midpoint by non-uniform method. Two knife edges and loaded at its centre be substituted into Young 's modulus tensile... The distance from the ceiling evident here, the 0.250 mm is equivalent 109... Website, you agree to our use of cookies minimum is a measure of volumetric,. Using searle ’ s modulus experiment table and graph they could be considered coming from two sources! Uses a laser beam as the source the day ( candles, lanterns, etc ). Band is 8.21 cm. ) into Young 's modulus of elasticity ( Y ) ( abbreviated nm.... Shown in the table above and Color - Lesson 3 - Mathematics of two-point light! Analyse experimental data from the ceiling concluded that these are terrible results and that given. Specific OBJECTIVES 1 was used to determine how much a material will deform under a certain applied.! An indented material were investigated by employing dimensional analysis and finite element method important to some. And 5±2GPa for Young ’ s modulus is named after Thomas Young,19th century, British.. To cm. ) thus the m value must be 107 nm in the diagram depend the! ” the vernier scale which will measure the extension of the test wire made of the selected are! Method for Young ’ s modulus of an indented material were investigated by employing analysis! 109 nm in 1 meter = 109 nanometers ) be able to changes! Pinhole in a window shutter for Young ’ s apparatus is: to investigate the between... Slits is 10.0 m from the same experiment is typically performed using a laser diffracts!