The rebellion lasted from January 29, 1877, until September of that ⦠Mark Ravina, the author of The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori, argued that "Satsuma Rebellion" is not the best name for the war because the English name does not well represent the war and its Japanese name. Take it one step further and add a sprig of mint or a teaspoon or ⦠The rebellion has been described as the last gasp of the samurai, and as a defining or culminating event in the establishment of military conscription and of the Imperial Japanese Army. Each battalion was divided into ten companies of 200 men. However, most of the garrison was from Kyūshū, while a significant number of officers were natives of Kagoshima; their loyalties were open to question. On July 24, the Imperial Army forced Saigō out of Miyakonojō, followed by Nobeoka. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Japanese Armies 1868â1877: The Boshin War and Satsuma Rebellion (Men-at-Arms Book 530). enter image description here Marching north, his army was hampered by the deepest snowfall Satsuma had seen in more than 50 years, which, because of the similarity to the weather that had greeted those setting out to enact the Meiji Restoration nine years earlier, was interpreted by some as a sign of divine support.[3]. The modernization of the country meant the abolition of the privileged social status of the samurai class, and had undermined their financial position. Financially, crushing the Satsuma Rebellion cost the government greatly, forcing Japan off the gold standard and causing the government to print paper currency. Weapons: katana, naginata, Uchigatana, bow and arrow, Smith & Wesson Model No. By August 17, the Satsuma army had been reduced to 3000 combatants, and had lost most of its modern firearms and all of its artillery. Each side had suffered more than 4,000 killed or wounded. Satsuma governor, Oyama Tsunayoshi, explained that the uprising was in response to the government's assassination attempt on Saigō, and asked that Admiral Kawamura (Saigō's cousin) come ashore to help calm the situation. During war a company's strength was to be increased to 240 privates. In 1878, as the wave of Western culture spreads through Japan, in Nagasaki, Miyo, a girl orphaned in the Satsuma Rebellion works at a curio shop called Vingt. However, despite their successes, the Satsuma army failed to take the castle, and began to realize that the conscript army was not as ineffective as first assumed. The Imperial Guard (mostly ex-samurai) was always maintained at wartime strength. The domains of Satsuma and Choshu, in particular, were already considered to be fully modernized, having been equipped with Gatling guns, Minie rifles, and Armstrong guns, among other artillery and equipment. Jump to: navigation. 2 Army, Colt M1861 Navy, M1841 Mississippi rifle, Sharps Carbine, Springfield Model 1855, Tanegashimas, Bajo-zutsu, and Wooden cannon, In English the most common name for the war is the "Satsuma Rebellion". In February 1877, Saigô and his men heard rumors that the Meiji government was planning an assassination of Saigô. In true history the Satsuma Rebellion was finished as the remaining samurai, hopelessly outnumbered and outgunned, decided to charge at the imperial army and were cut down and killed to the last man. After Saigō rejected a letter dated September 1 from Yamagata drafted by a young Suematsu Kenchō (see M. Matsumura, Pōtsumasu he no michi, pub. Each battalion consisted of four companies. Morale was extremely low, and lacking any strategy, the Satsuma forces dug in to wait for the next Imperial Army offensive. In February 1877, the Meiji government dispatched Hayashi Tomoyuki, an official with the Home Ministry with Admiral Kawamura Sumiyoshi in the warship Takao to ascertain the situation. Everything from the bakumatsu, Shinsengumi, lord Okubo, the Boshin wars, Hajime Saito (one of the best characters in the show for this reason) and even the Satsuma rebellion in 1877 which happens just before the anime and was referenced by Hajime Saito as the reason the govt didn't send the military to take down Shishio. Hara Shobo, 1987, Chapter 1) asking him to surrender, Yamagata ordered a full frontal assault on September 24, 1877. Of course, the real Saigo wore a Western-style military uniform into battle... Nathan Algren replaces Jules Brunet, a French lieutenant. Imperial army troops under the command of General Yamagata Aritomo and marines under the command of Admiral Kawamura Sumiyoshi began arriving soon after, and the rebels were surrounded. Satsuma mandarins (Citrus reticulata) have a wider temperature range than other citrus fruits because they can withstand colder temperatures. During the siege, many Kumamoto ex-samurai flocked to Saigō's banner, swelling his forces to around 20,000 men. It is a period film. Some of the little details such as the outlaw of swords for the samurai class and outlaw of top knots were true to the period. Outraged by the government's tactics, 50 students from Saigō's academy attacked the Somuta Arsenal and carried off weapons. In the Anime; Seta SÅjirÅ assassinated him and the clansmen took responsibility for the murder for political reasons. Troops were landed at Ōita and Saiki north of Saigō's army, and Saigō was caught in a pincer attack. On his return to Kobe on February 12, Hayashi met with General Yamagata Aritomo and Itō Hirobumi, and it was decided that the Imperial Japanese Army would need to be sent to Kagoshima to prevent the revolt from spreading to other areas of the country sympathetic to Saigō. In December 1876, the Meiji government sent a police officer named Nakahara Hisao and 57 other men to investigate reports of subversive activities and unrest. , search. In real life, Åkubo was murdered by six discontented clansmen on his way to Tokyo. Other articles where Satsuma Rebellion is discussed: education: The conservative reaction: Following the repression of the Satsuma Rebellion, a samurai uprising in 1877, Japan again forged ahead toward political unity, but there was an increasing trend of antigovernment protest from below, which was epitomized by the Movement for Peopleâs Rights. If you want to follow our favorite ratios, try 2 oz. Japan was divided into six military districts: Tokyo, Sendai, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima and Kumamoto, with two or three regiments of infantry, plus artillery and other auxiliary troops, assigned to each district. Most of Saigō's remaining forces either surrendered or committed seppuku. After his failure to take Kumamoto, Saigō led his followers on a seven-day march to Hitoyoshi. See more ideas about japanese warrior, samurai, samurai art. Fearing a rebellion, the Meiji government sent a warship to Kagoshima to remove the weapons stockpiled at the Kagoshima arsenal on January 30, 1877. In order to cut Saigō off from his base, an imperial force with three warships, 500 policemen and several companies of infantry, landed in Kagoshima on March 8, seized arsenals and took the Satsuma governor into custody. The schools resembled paramilitary political organizations more than anything else, and they enjoyed the support of the governor of Satsuma, who appointed disaffected samurai to political offices, where they came to dominate the Kagoshima government. https://wiki.samurai-archives.com/index.php?title=Satsuma_Rebellion&oldid=33694. The line infantry was divided into 14 regiments of three battalions each. (æ°æ°çµ!, 2004), an ensemble story about the leaders of the titular organization The five government warships in Kagoshima harbor added their firepower to Yamagata's artillery, and began to systematically reduce the rebel positions. Saigo, however, had no regard for the conscripted farm boys who made up the imperial army. The Satsuma Rebellion which took place in 1877 was the most famous, and the final major instance out of a series of shizoku rebellions led in the late 1870s by former samurai of southwestern Japan against the prospect of the Meiji government abolishing their elite status and the rice stipends which had traditionally been the samurai's chief or sole source of income. Saigō expected both that a war would ultimately be successful for Japan and also that the initial stages of it would offer a means by which the samurai whose cause he championed could find meaningful and beneficial death. However, other evidence contradicts this, stating that Saigō in fact died of the bullet wound and then had his head removed by Beppu in order to preserve his dignity. After Saigo's death, Beppu and the last of the "ex-samurai" drew their swords and plunged downhill toward the Imperial positions and to their deaths. [4], Word of Saigō's academies was greeted with considerable concern in Tokyo. Satsuma Rebellion: Satsuma Clan Samurai Against the Imperial Japanese Army. Tabaruzaka was held by some 15,000 samurai from Satsuma, Kumamoto and Hitoyoshi against the Imperial Army's 9th Infantry Brigade (some 90,000 men). Main article: Satsuma Rebellion SaigÅ preparing for war Shortly thereafter, a private military academy known as the Shi-gakkÅ was established in Kagoshima for the faithful samurai who had also resigned their posts to follow him from Tokyo. On February 22, the main Satsuma army arrived and attacked Kumamoto castle in a pincer movement. The samurai were armed with traditional weapons including swords, polearms, and bows. Legend says that one of his followers, Beppu Shinsuke acted as kaishakunin and aided Saigō in committing seppuku before he could be captured. Hi I would like to suggest Samurai I: Miyamoto Musashi Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto - Wikipedia I would request you to read the link and about the two sequels. of soda water. The modernization of the country meant the abolition of the privileged social status of the samurai class, and had undermined their financial position. âSean Michael Wilson has authored a unique line of manga-style books on Japanese themes. Oct 13, 2020 - Explore TayCon's board "Asian/Pacific Theatre" on Pinterest. After receiving reinforcements, the imperial force, now totaling 4,000 men, attacked the rear elements of the Satsuma army and drove them back. The Satsuma samurai were initially organized into six battalions of 2,000 men each. Saigō's rebellion was the last and most serious of a series of armed uprisings against the new government of the Empire of Japan, the predecessor state to modern Japan. In April 1877, Saigō reorganized the army into nine infantry units of 350 to 800 men each. On September 14, Saigô and the last three hundred of his men finally succumbed, committing ritual suicide rather than be killed by the roughly 50,000 government troops who still faced them. To aid in the air of legality, Saigō wore his army uniform. [3], Saigō Takamori, one of the senior Satsuma leaders in the Meiji government who had supported the reforms in the beginning, was especially concerned about growing political corruption (popular prints depicted the rebel army with banners bearing the words shinsei-kōtoku (新政厚徳, new government, high morality). Determined not to let the rebels escape again, Yamagata sent in a large force which outnumbered the Satsuma army 7:1. The Imperial Artillery consisted of 18 batteries divided into 9 battalions, with 120 men per battery during peacetime. However, Saigō burned his private papers and army uniform on August 19, and slipped away towards Kagoshima with his remaining able-bodied men. Itâs very interesting. Rejecting large numbers of volunteers, he made no attempt to contact any of the other domains for support, and no troops were left at Kagoshima to secure his base against an attack. When former samurai (shizoku) rose up in separate rebellions in Hagi, Akizuki, and Kumamoto in 1876, Saigô spoke of his moral support for these rebellions, but remained uninvolved. His letter indicated that he was not committed to rebellion and sought a peaceful settlement. When the plan was rejected, Saigō resigned from all of his government positions in protest and returned to his hometown of Kagoshima, as did many other Satsuma ex-samurai in the military and police forces. On its march to Kumamoto castle, the army was divided into three divisions; a vanguard of 4,000 men, the main division of 4,000 men, and a rearguard of 2,000 men. The battles that made up the Boshin War transpired at different places between Toba Fushimi and Hakodate. The following day, Hayashi declared to Oyama that he could not permit Kawamura to go ashore when the situation was so unsettled, and that the attack on Takao constituted an act of lèse-majesté. Facts on Satsumas. However, Yamagata was determined to leave nothing to chance. Written only a year or so after the event it does allow for contemporary opinion. Contemporary illustrations show the cavalry armed with lances. The very rapid and massive changes to Japanese culture, language, dress and society appeared to many samurai to be a betrayal of the jōi ("expel the barbarian") portion of the sonnō jōi justification used to overthrow the former Tokugawa shogunate. The surviving rebels made a stand on the slopes of Mount Enodake, and were soon surrounded. The men were captured, and under torture, conf⦠[3], To help support and employ these men, in 1874 Saigō established a private academy known as the Shi-gakkō in Kagoshima. Following defeat at the Siege of Kumamoto Castle and in other battles in central KyÅ«shÅ«, the surviving remnants of the samurai forces loyal to SaigÅ Takamori fled back to Satsuma, seizing the hill of Shiroyama overlooking Kagoshima on 1 September 1877. At 6 that morning, the 40 remaining warriors of the last traditional samurai army in Japanese history rose from their foxholes, drew their swords and charged ⦠In the 2003 Japanese film When the Last Sword Is Drawn, SaitÅ is played by KÅichi SatÅ. The “training” provided was not purely academic: although the Chinese classics were taught, all students were required to take part in weapons training and instruction in tactics. During this period, Japan had already opened itself to Western influences for about ten years and had been in the process of modernization. Anime & Manga Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for anime and manga fans. Gathering allies along the way, the Satsuma rebels moved into action, and began to make their way north, with intentions of seizing Kumamoto castle. In the meantime, on March 9 Saigō, Kirino, and Shinohara were stripped of their court ranks and titles.[3]. SaitÅ is featured in the manga Getsumei Seiki, in later episodes of the anime Shura no Toki: Age of Chaos, and the video game series Bakumatsu Renka Shinsengumi and Code of the Samurai. Imperial forces emerged victorious, but with heavy casualties on both sides. Modern weapons were also used such as the Model 1857 Six Line (Russian) muzzle loading rifles that could fire approximately one round per minute and their artillery consisted of 28 5-pounders, two 16-pounders, and 30 mortars. In addition to the army, the central government also used marines and Tokyo policemen in its struggle against Satsuma. There were two "regiments" of line cavalry and one "regiment" of imperial guard cavalry. The ver⦠The men were captured, and under torture, confessed that they were spies who had been sent to assassinate Saigō. The police, in units ranging from 300 to 600 men, were mostly ex-samurai (ironically, many of whom were from Satsuma) and were armed only with wooden batons and swords (Japanese police did not carry firearms until the Rice Riots of 1918). The artillery battalion was divided into 2 batteries with 130 men per battery. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. On a muddy field outside Kagoshima on September 25, 1877, the feudal system that had dominated Japan for 700 years died, not with a whimper but with a defiant roar. The cavalry regiment consisted of 150 men. The Satsuma Rebellion, also known as the Seinan War (Japanese: 西南戦争, Hepburn: Seinan Sensō, lit. of Jack Rudy Tonic, and 4 to 5 oz. Following the Seikanron in 1873, in which Saigô's desires to invade Korea were overruled by other members of the inner circles of government, Saigô resigned from the government and returned to Satsuma, where his private academy became a center for samurai discussions of displeasure with the government. After Oyama departed, a flotilla of small ships filled with armed men attempted to board Takao by force, but were repelled. Artillery consisted of over 100 pieces, including 5.28 pound mountain guns, Krupp field guns of various calibers, and mortars. [1] Though they succeeded in destroying many of the castle's major buildings, they were ultimately unsuccessful in taking the castle; their siege of Kumamoto castle was brought to an end by a massive force of Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in early March, but despite suffering as much as 90% losses, Saigô's men retreated to Kagoshima via Hitoyoshi, Miyazaki, and Nobeoka, and continued to fight until September. After two days of fruitless attack, the Satsuma forces dug into the rock-hard icy ground around the castle and tried to starve the garrison out in a siege. In 1878, as the wave of Western culture spreads through Japan, in Nagasaki, Miyo, a girl orphaned in the Satsuma Rebellion works at a curio shop called Vingt. On the same day, Saigō met with his lieutenants Kirino Toshiaki and Shinohara Kunimoto and announced his intention of marching to Tokyo to ask questions of the government. "[6], Revolt of samurai against the Meiji imperial government. Western interpretations include the 2003 American film The Last Samurai directed by Edward Zwick, which combines into a single narrative historical situations belonging both to the Boshin War, the 1877 Satsuma Rebellion, and other similar uprisings of ex-samurai during the early Meiji period. Names, Romanizations, and Spelling (page 2 of 2), Satsuma Rebellion: Satsuma Clan Samurai Against the Imperial Japanese Army, Organization of Imperial and Satsuma Forces, Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office, Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, German pre–World War II industrial co-operation, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satsuma_Rebellion&oldid=995909585, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Buck, James H. "The Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. However, the Satsuma army was able to cut its way free from encirclement. On the night of April 8, a force from Kumamoto castle made a sortie, forcing open a hole in the Satsuma lines and enabling desperately needed supplies to reach the garrison. The international festival successes of such directors as Akira Kurosawa, Kenji Mizoguchi and Hiroshi Inagaki in the 1950s introduced the Japanese period drama to western cinemagoers. Satsuma, the car the player builds and drives in My Summer Car This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Satsuma . At one point, he offered to visit Korea in person and to provoke a casus belli by behaving in such an insulting manner that the Koreans would be forced to kill him. The government had just dealt with several small but violent samurai revolts in Kyūshū, and they found the prospect of rebellion by the numerous and fierce Satsuma samurai, led by the famous and popular Saigō, an alarming one. After combat losses and defections, SaigÅ had onl⦠Saigō was a strong proponent of war with Korea in the Seikanron debate of 1873. Satsuma Rebellion~ Feburary 1877. This page was last modified on 18 January 2016, at 11:21. Yamagata also landed a detachment with two infantry brigades and 1,200 policemen behind the rebel lines, so as to fall on them from the rear from Yatsushiro Bay. The Satsuma Rebellion, also known as the Seinan War was a revolt of disaffected samurai against the new imperial government, nine years into the Meiji Era. Satsuma Rebellion The first test of the young Meiji government came with the revolt of the powerful Satsuma clan based in the southern region of the island of Kyushu. In December 1876, the Meiji government sent a police officer named Nakahara Hisao and 57 other men to investigate reports of subversive activities and unrest. Its name comes from the Satsuma Domain, which had been influential in the Restoration and became home to unemployed samurai after military reforms rendered their status obsolete. Although Satsuma had been one of the key players in the Meiji Restoration and the Boshin War, and although many men from Satsuma had risen to influential positions in the new Meiji government, there was growing dissatisfaction with the direction the country was taking. On March 4 Imperial Army General Yamagata ordered a frontal assault from Tabaruzaka, guarding the approaches to Kumamoto, which developed into an eight-day-long battle. The rebellion also effectively ended the samurai class, as the new Imperial Japanese Army built of conscripts without regard to social class had proven itself in battle. The government had just dealt with several small but violent samurai revolts in KyÅ«shÅ«, and the prospect of the numerous and fierce Satsuma samurai, being led in rebellion by the famous and popular SaigÅ was alarming. At first, Sato portrays SaitÅ as a cold, dark, uncaring captain of the Shinsengumi. Saigō Takamori Gunmusho (軍務所) banknote, issued in 1877 to finance his war effort. The author was an British diplomat serving in Japan during the Meiji Restoration and one of his primary tasks was to stay abreast of and report on current events during his posting. Battle of Tabaruzaka: Imperial troops on the left, rebel samurai troops on the right, Saigo's army clashes with the government's forces. Known in Japanese as the Seinan Sensô, or "Southwestern War," the rebellion was led by Saigô Takamori of Satsuma han (Kagoshima prefecture), and involved roughly 15,000 former samurai facing off against around 100,000 Imperial Japanese Army troops. Gordon, Andrew. Rather than risk desertions or defections, Tani decided to stand on the defensive. The situation was especially desperate for the defenders as their stores of food and ammunition had been depleted by a warehouse fire shortly before the rebellion began. Saigō Takamori was labelled as a tragic hero by the people and on February 22, 1889, Emperor Meiji pardoned Saigō posthumously. 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